Hair loss, mouth and nasal ulcers, and lesions on the skin are other possible manifestations. This rash occurs in 30 to 60% of people with SLE. Some have the classic malar rash (commonly known as the butterfly rash) associated with the disease. Acute cutaneous lupus manifests as a rash. Similarly, subacute cutaneous lupus manifests as red, scaly patches of skin but with distinct edges. People with discoid lupus may exhibit thick, red scaly patches on the skin. The three main categories of lesions are chronic cutaneous (discoid) lupus, subacute cutaneous lupus, and acute cutaneous lupus. SkinĪs many as 70% of people with lupus have some skin symptoms.
Males tend to have more seizures, kidney disease, serositis (inflammation of tissues lining the lungs and heart), skin problems, and peripheral neuropathy. Females tend to have a greater number of relapses, a low white blood cell count, more arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, and psychiatric symptoms. While SLE can occur in both males and females, it is found far more often in women, and the symptoms associated with each sex are different. When occurring in conjunction with other signs and symptoms, however, they are considered suggestive. Because these symptoms are so often seen in association with other diseases, these signs and symptoms are not part of the diagnostic criteria for SLE. Ĭommon initial and chronic complaints include fever, malaise, joint pains, muscle pains, and fatigue. Diagnosis can thus be elusive, with some people having unexplained symptoms of SLE for years. SLE is a classical item in differential diagnosis, because SLE symptoms vary widely and come and go unpredictably. SLE is one of several diseases known as " the great imitator" because it often mimics or is mistaken for other illnesses. 5.1.4 Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs).5.1.1 Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.4.2.2 Criteria for individual diagnosis.Lupus is Latin for "wolf": the disease was so-named in the 13th century as the rash was thought to appear like a wolf's bite. Rates of disease in the developing world are unclear. Those of African, Caribbean, and Chinese descent are at higher risk than white people. While it most commonly begins between the ages of 15 and 45, a wide range of ages can be affected. Women of childbearing age are affected about nine times more often than men. Rate of SLE varies between countries from 20 to 70 per 100,000. Women with lupus have pregnancies that are higher risk but are mostly successful. With modern treatment about 80% of those affected survive more than 15 years. SLE significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease with this being the most common cause of death. Life expectancy is lower among people with SLE. Alternative medicine has not been shown to affect the disease. Although corticosteroids are rapidly effective, long-term use results in side effects. Treatments may include NSAIDs, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, hydroxychloroquine, and methotrexate. There are a number of other kinds of lupus erythematosus including discoid lupus erythematosus, neonatal lupus, and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Diagnosis can be difficult and is based on a combination of symptoms and laboratory tests. These are most commonly anti-nuclear antibodies and they result in inflammation. The mechanism involves an immune response by autoantibodies against a person's own tissues. Female sex hormones, sunlight, smoking, vitamin D deficiency, and certain infections are also believed to increase the risk. Among identical twins, if one is affected there is a 24% chance the other one will be as well. It is thought to involve genetics together with environmental factors. Often there are periods of illness, called flares, and periods of remission during which there are few symptoms. Common symptoms include painful and swollen joints, fever, chest pain, hair loss, mouth ulcers, swollen lymph nodes, feeling tired, and a red rash which is most commonly on the face. Symptoms vary among people and may be mild to severe. Lupus, technically known as systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE), is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body. NSAIDs, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate Painful and swollen joints, fever, chest pain, hair loss, mouth ulcers, swollen lymph nodes, feeling tired, red rash / s ɪ ˈ s t ɛ m ɪ k ˈ l uː p ə s ˌ ɛr ɪ θ iː m ə ˈ t oʊ s ə s/ ( listen) sih- STEM-ik LOOP-əs ERR-i-thee-mə- TOH-səs.
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